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EBS volume without KmsKeyId

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Metadata

Id: cloudformation-aws-ebs-volume-without-kms-key-id

Provider: AWS

Platform: CloudFormation

Severity: Low

Category: Secret Management

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Description

Amazon EBS volumes should specify a customer-managed AWS KMS key (KmsKeyId) so data at rest is encrypted under keys you control and access to decrypt volumes and snapshots can be restricted via key policies.

In CloudFormation, the AWS::EC2::Volume resource must include the Properties.KmsKeyId property, and it should reference a key ARN, key ID, or alias for a customer-managed CMK. Resources missing KmsKeyId will be flagged. If account-level default EBS encryption is not enabled, this omission can result in unencrypted volumes. If default encryption is enabled, it may cause the AWS-managed key to be used instead of a customer-managed key.

Secure configuration example:

MyVolume:
  Type: AWS::EC2::Volume
  Properties:
    AvailabilityZone: us-west-2a
    Size: 100
    KmsKeyId: arn:aws:kms:us-west-2:123456789012:key/01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef

Compliant Code Examples

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Creating ECS service
Resources:
  MyKey:
    Type: "AWS::KMS::Key"
    Properties:
      KeyPolicy:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Id: key-default-1
        Statement:
          - Sid: Enable IAM User Permissions
            Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              AWS: !Join
                - ""
                - - "arn:aws:iam::"
                  - !Ref "AWS::AccountId"
                  - ":root"
            Action: "kms:*"
            Resource: "*"
  NewVolume:
      Type: AWS::EC2::Volume
      Properties:
        Size: 100
        Encrypted: true
        AvailabilityZone: !GetAtt Ec2Instance.AvailabilityZone
        Tags:
          - Key: MyTag
            Value: TagValue
        KmsKeyId: !Ref MyKey
      DeletionPolicy: Snapshot

{
  "Resources": {
    "MyKey": {
      "Type": "AWS::KMS::Key",
      "Properties": {
        "KeyPolicy": {
          "Version": "2012-10-17T00:00:00Z",
          "Id": "key-default-1",
          "Statement": [
            {
              "Sid": "Enable IAM User Permissions",
              "Effect": "Allow",
              "Principal": {
                "AWS": [
                  "",
                  [
                    "arn:aws:iam::",
                    "AWS::AccountId",
                    ":root"
                  ]
                ]
              },
              "Action": "kms:*",
              "Resource": "*"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    "NewVolume": {
      "DeletionPolicy": "Snapshot",
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Volume",
      "Properties": {
        "KmsKeyId": "MyKey",
        "Size": 100,
        "Encrypted": true,
        "AvailabilityZone": "Ec2Instance.AvailabilityZone",
        "Tags": [
          {
            "Key": "MyTag",
            "Value": "TagValue"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09T00:00:00Z",
  "Description": "Creating ECS service"
}

Non-Compliant Code Examples

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Creating ECS service
Resources:
  NewVolume:
      Type: AWS::EC2::Volume
      Properties:
        Size: 100
        Encrypted: true
        AvailabilityZone: !GetAtt Ec2Instance.AvailabilityZone
        Tags:
          - Key: MyTag
            Value: TagValue
      DeletionPolicy: Snapshot

{
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09T00:00:00Z",
  "Description": "Creating ECS service",
  "Resources": {
    "NewVolume": {
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Volume",
      "Properties": {
        "Size": 100,
        "Encrypted": true,
        "AvailabilityZone": "Ec2Instance.AvailabilityZone",
        "Tags": [
          {
            "Key": "MyTag",
            "Value": "TagValue"
          }
        ]
      },
      "DeletionPolicy": "Snapshot"
    }
  }
}