Default KMS key usage

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Metadata

Id: cloudformation-aws-default-kms-key-usage

Provider: AWS

Platform: CloudFormation

Severity: Medium

Category: Encryption

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Description

When storage encryption is enabled for database or analytics clusters or instances, explicitly specifying a customer-managed AWS KMS key prevents use of the AWS-managed default key. Using the AWS-managed default key can limit your ability to enforce key policies, control access, rotate keys, and audit key usage.

In CloudFormation, this applies to AWS::RDS::DBInstance, AWS::RDS::DBCluster, AWS::DocDB::DBCluster, AWS::Neptune::DBCluster, and AWS::Redshift::Cluster. Properties.StorageEncrypted must be true, and Properties.KmsKeyId must be defined and reference a customer-managed AWS KMS key (key ARN, alias, or a Ref to an AWS::KMS::Key). Resources with StorageEncrypted set to true and no KmsKeyId will be flagged.

Define an AWS::KMS::Key and set KmsKeyId (for example, with !Ref) when you need explicit ownership, key policy control, or independent rotation and auditing.

Secure CloudFormation example:

MyKmsKey:
  Type: AWS::KMS::Key
  Properties:
    Description: "CMK for DB encryption"

MyDB:
  Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance
  Properties:
    DBInstanceIdentifier: my-db
    StorageEncrypted: true
    KmsKeyId: !Ref MyKmsKey

Compliant Code Examples

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: RDS Storage Encrypted
Parameters:
  SourceDBInstanceIdentifier:
    Type: String
  DBInstanceType:
    Type: String
  SourceRegion:
    Type: String
Resources:
  MyKey:
    Type: "AWS::KMS::Key"
    Properties:
      KeyPolicy:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Id: key-default-1
        Statement:
          - Sid: Enable IAM User Permissions
            Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              AWS: !Join
                - ""
                - - "arn:aws:iam::"
                  - !Ref "AWS::AccountId"
                  - ":root"
            Action: "kms:*"
            Resource: "*"
  MyDBSmall:
    Type: "AWS::RDS::DBInstance"
    Properties:
      DBInstanceClass: !Ref DBInstanceType
      SourceDBInstanceIdentifier: !Ref SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
      SourceRegion: !Ref SourceRegion
      KmsKeyId: !Ref MyKey
      StorageEncrypted: true

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: >-
  AWS CloudFormation Sample Template
Parameters:
  DBUsername:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Username for MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '16'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters.
  DBPassword:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Password MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '8'
    MaxLength: '41'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must contain only alphanumeric characters.
Resources:
  MyKey-0:
    Type: "AWS::KMS::Key"
    Properties:
      KeyPolicy:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Id: key-default-1
        Statement:
          - Sid: Enable IAM User Permissions
            Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              AWS: !Join
                - ""
                - - "arn:aws:iam::"
                  - !Ref "AWS::AccountId"
                  - ":root"
            Action: "kms:*"
            Resource: "*"
  RDSCluster:
    Type: 'AWS::RDS::DBCluster'
    Properties:
      MasterUsername: !Ref DBUsername
      MasterUserPassword: !Ref DBPassword
      DBClusterIdentifier: my-serverless-cluster
      Engine: aurora
      EngineVersion: 5.6.10a
      EngineMode: serverless
      ScalingConfiguration:
        AutoPause: true
        MinCapacity: 4
        MaxCapacity: 32
        SecondsUntilAutoPause: 1000
      KmsKeyId: !Ref MyKey-0
      StorageEncrypted: true

Non-Compliant Code Examples

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: >-
  AWS CloudFormation Sample Template
Parameters:
  DBUsername:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Username for MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '1'
    MaxLength: '16'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters.
  DBPassword:
    NoEcho: 'true'
    Description: Password MySQL database access
    Type: String
    MinLength: '8'
    MaxLength: '41'
    AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z0-9]*'
    ConstraintDescription: must contain only alphanumeric characters.
Resources:
  RDSCluster1:
    Type: 'AWS::RDS::DBCluster'
    Properties:
      MasterUsername: !Ref DBUsername
      MasterUserPassword: !Ref DBPassword
      DBClusterIdentifier: my-serverless-cluster
      Engine: aurora
      EngineVersion: 5.6.10a
      EngineMode: serverless
      ScalingConfiguration:
        AutoPause: true
        MinCapacity: 4
        MaxCapacity: 32
        SecondsUntilAutoPause: 1000
      StorageEncrypted: true