Metric Monitor

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Overview

Metric monitors are useful for a continuous stream of data. Any metric sent to Datadog can be alerted upon if they cross a threshold over a given period of time.

To create a metric monitor in Datadog, navigate to Monitors > New Monitor and select the Metric monitor type.

Choose the detection method

A threshold alert compares metric values to a static threshold.

On each alert evaluation, Datadog calculates the average, minimum, maximum, or sum over the selected period and checks if it is above, below, equal to, or not equal to the threshold. This is for standard alert cases where you know the expected values. The distribution metric type offers the additional threshold option of calculating percentiles over the selected period.

For more information, see the Set alert conditions section.

A change alert compares the absolute or relative (%) change in value between N minutes ago and now against a given threshold. The compared data points aren’t single points but are computed using the parameters in the define the metric section.

On each alert evaluation, Datadog calculates the raw difference (a positive or negative value) between the series now and N minutes ago, then computes the average/minimum/maximum/sum over the selected period. An alert is triggered when this computed series crosses the threshold.

This type of alert is useful to track spikes, drops, or slow changes in a metric when there is not an unexpected threshold.

For more information, see the Change alert monitors guide.

An anomaly detection alert uses past behavior to detect when a metric is behaving abnormally.

Anomaly alerts calculate an expected range of values for a series based on the past. Some of the anomaly algorithms use the time-of-day and day-of-week to determine the expected range, thus capturing abnormalities that could not be detected by a simple threshold alert. For example, the series is unusually high for 5AM even though it would be considered normal at 10 AM.

On each alert evaluation, Datadog calculates the percentage of the series that falls above, below, and outside of the expected range. An alert is triggered when this percentage crosses the configured threshold.

For more information, see the Anomaly Monitor page.

Outlier monitors detect when a member of a group (hosts, availability zones, partitions, etc.) is behaving unusually compared to the rest.

On each alert evaluation, Datadog checks whether or not all groups are clustered together and exhibiting the same behavior. An alert is triggered when one or more groups diverges from the rest of the groups.

For more information, see the Outlier Monitor page.

A forecast alert predicts the future behavior of a metric and compares it to a static threshold. It is well-suited for metrics with strong trends or recurring patterns.

On each alert evaluation, a forecast alert predicts the future values of the metric along with the expected deviation bounds. An alert is triggered when any part of the bounds crosses the configured threshold.

For more information, see the Forecast Monitor page.

Define the metric

Any metric reporting to Datadog is available for monitors. Use the editor and the steps below to define the metric. The query parameters vary slightly based on the chosen detection method.

Step	Required	Default	Example
Select a metric	Yes	None	`system.cpu.user`
Define the `from`	No	Everywhere	`env:prod`
Specify metric aggregation	Yes	`avg by`	`sum by`
Group by	No	Everything	`host`
Specify monitor query aggregation	No	`average`	`sum`
Evaluation window	No	`5 minutes`	`1 day`

Definitions

Option	Description
average	The series is averaged to produce a single value that is checked against the threshold. It adds the `avg()` function to your monitor query.
max	If any single value in the generated series crosses the threshold, then an alert is triggered. It adds the max() function to your monitor query. See the Notes section for additional threshold behavior.
min	If all points in the evaluation window for your query cross the threshold, then an alert is triggered. It adds the min() function to your monitor query. See the Notes section for additional threshold behavior.
sum	If the summation of every point in the series crosses the threshold, an alert is triggered. It adds the `sum()` function to your monitor query.
percentile(pXX)	If pXX percentage of points in the evaluation window for your query cross the threshold, then an alert is triggered. This option adds a `percentile` function to your monitor query. Only available for the distribution metric type.
Evaluation window	The time period the monitor evaluates. Use preset time windows like `5 minutes`, `15 minutes`, `1 hour`, or `custom` to set a value between 1 minute and 730 hours (1 month).

define the metric for change detection metric monitor

Step	Required	Default	Example
Select a metric	Yes	None	`system.cpu.user`
Define the `from`	No	Everywhere	`env:prod`
Specify metric aggregation	No	`avg by`	`sum by`
Group by	No	Everything	`host`
Specify monitor query aggregation	No	`average`	`sum`
Select a change type	No	`change`	`% change`
Evaluation window	No	`5 minutes`	`1 day`
Comparison window	No	`5 minutes`	`1 month`

Definitions

Option	Description
change	The absolute change of the value.
% change	The percentage change of the value compared to its previous value. For example, the percentage change for a previous value of 2 with a current value of 4 is 100%.
average	The series is averaged to produce a single value that is checked against the threshold. It adds the `avg()` function to your monitor query.
max	If any single value in the generated series crosses the threshold, then an alert is triggered. It adds the max() function to your monitor query. See the Notes section for additional threshold behavior.
min	If all points in the evaluation window for your query cross the threshold, then an alert is triggered. It adds the min() function to your monitor query. See the Notes section for additional threshold behavior.
sum	If the summation of every point in the series crosses the threshold, an alert is triggered. It adds the `sum()` function to your monitor query.
percentile(pXX)	If pXX percentage of points in the evaluation window for your query cross the threshold, then an alert is triggered. This option adds a `percentile` function to your monitor query. Only available for the distribution metric type.
Evaluation window	The time period the monitor evaluates. Use preset time windows like `5 minutes`, `15 minutes`, `1 hour`, or `custom` to set a value between 1 minute and 730 hours (1 month).

Notes:

If using a distribution metric with a percentile aggregator, a matching percentile threshold is automatically specified. Metrics with percentile aggregators do not generate a snapshot graph in the notifications message.
max/min: These descriptions of max and min assume that the monitor alerts when the metric goes above the threshold. For monitors that alert when below the threshold, the max and min behavior is reversed.
Defining metrics for monitors is similar to defining metrics for graphs. For details on using the Advanced... option, see Advanced graphing.
There are different behaviors when utilizing as_count(). See as_count() in Monitor Evaluations for details.

Set alert conditions

Trigger when the metric is one of the following:

above
above or equal to
below
below or equal to
equal to
not equal to

If the value is between zero and one, a leading zero is required. For example, 0.3.

Advanced alert conditions

Data window

Require or Do not require a full window of data for evaluation.

This setting allows you to change when the alerting engine considers a monitor as a candidate for evaluation.

Do not require (Default): A monitor is evaluated as soon as it is recognized. Consider using this value if your data points might be sparse. With this configuration, the monitor evaluates even if there is a single data point in the evaluation timeframe.

Require: A monitor is not evaluated until the evaluation window is considered to be filled with data. To be notified if there is data over the entire evaluation timeframe, use this option.

To define if the evaluation timeframe is filled with data, the timeframe is split into smaller buckets.

The following logic determines the bucket size:

Evaluation timeframe in minutes: bucket size is 1 minute
Evaluation timeframe in hours: bucket size is 10 minutes
Evaluation timeframe in days: bucket size is 1 hour
Evaluation timeframe in month: bucket size is 4 hours

In order to be considered as a “full window”, the monitor requires:

At least one data point in the first bucket. The first bucket is chronologically the earliest bucket in the window.
No more than three buckets in total with no data points.

If the conditions are met, the monitor is evaluated. Otherwise, the evaluation is canceled and the monitor state is unchanged.

For example, a monitor that evaluates over the last 2h is split in 12 buckets of 10 minutes. The monitor is considered full if the first bucket has data and at most three buckets in total are empty.