Privilege escalation using become plugin

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Metadata

Id: ansible-privilege-escalation-using-become-plugin

Cloud Provider: Common

Platform: Ansible

Severity: Medium

Category: Access Control

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Description

Playbooks and tasks that specify a target user with become_user must also enable privilege escalation so actions execute with the intended elevated privileges. Without become: true, commands run as the unprivileged connection user or fail. This can lead to misconfiguration, failed security controls, or unintended access to sensitive resources. Verify the become property is defined and set to true on ansible_playbook and ansible_task resources whenever become_user is present. Resources where become_user is defined but become is missing or false are flagged for correction.

Secure examples:

- hosts: servers
  become: true
  become_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: Perform privileged action
      command: /usr/bin/some-command

- name: Install package
  become: true
  become_user: root
  apt:
    name: nginx
    state: present

Compliant Code Examples

---
- hosts: localhost
  become_user: postgres
  become: true
  tasks:
    - name: some task
      ansible.builtin.command: whoamyou
      changed_when: false

---
- hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: become from the same scope
      ansible.builtin.command: whoami
      become: true
      become_user: postgres
      changed_when: false

Non-Compliant Code Examples

---
- hosts: localhost
  name: become_user without become
  become_user: bar

  tasks:
    - name: Simple hello
      ansible.builtin.debug:
        msg: hello

---
- hosts: localhost
  name: become_user with become false
  become_user: root
  become: false

  tasks:
    - name: Simple hello
      ansible.builtin.debug:
        msg: hello

---
- hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: become and become_user on different tasks
      block:
        - name: Sample become
          become: true
          ansible.builtin.command: ls .
        - name: Sample become_user
          become_user: foo
          ansible.builtin.command: ls .

---
- hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: become false
      block:
        - name: Sample become
          become: true
          ansible.builtin.command: ls .
        - name: Sample become_user
          become_user: postgres
          become: false
          ansible.builtin.command: ls .

---
- hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: become_user with become task as false
      ansible.builtin.command: whoami
      become_user: mongodb
      become: false
      changed_when: false

---
- hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: become_user without become
      ansible.builtin.command: whoami
      become_user: mysql
      changed_when: false