DDSQL Scalar Functions

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These functions return one value per row.

String functions and operators

upper

Name	Return type	Description
upper(text s)	text	Converts s to uppercase.

lower

Name	Return type	Description
lower(text s)	text	Converts s to lowercase.

length

Name	Return type	Description
length(text s)	integer	Counts the number of characters in s.

concat

Name	Return type	Description
concat(expr x, y, …)	text	Concatenates the provided expressions.

substr

Name	Return type	Description
substr(expr s, numeric start, numeric numChars)	text	Returns a substring of s from start to a max of numChars, if provided. start is a 1-based index, so `substr('hello', 2)` returns `'ello'`. If the start is less than 1, it is treated as if it were 1. The result is computed by taking the range of characters `[start, start+numChars]`, where if any value is less than 1, it is treated as 1. This means `substr('hello', -2, 4)` returns `'h'`.

replace

Name	Return type	Description
replace(text s, text from, text to)	text	Replaces all occurrences in s of substring from with substring to.

regexp_replace

Name	Return type	Description
regexp_replace(text s, text pattern, text replacement)	text	Replace substrings in s that match the POSIX regular expression pattern with the replacement. Supports Go’s regular expression syntax.

Mathematical functions and operators

abs

Name	Return type	Description
abs(numeric n)	integer	Returns the absolute value of n.

round

Name	Return type	Description
round(numeric n, [s])	numeric	Round n to s decimal places.

mod

Name	Return type	Description
mod(numeric x, numeric y)	integer	Returns the remainder of `x / y`.

floor

Name	Return type	Description
floor(numeric n)	numeric	Returns the nearest integer that is less than or equal to n.

ceil

Name	Return type	Description
ceil(numeric n)	numeric	Returns the nearest integer that is greater than or equal to n.

power

Name	Return type	Description
power(numeric n, numeric s)	numeric	Raises n to the s power.

ln

Name	Return type	Description
ln(numeric n)	numeric	Calculates the natural logarithm of n.

sqrt

Name	Return type	Description
sqrt(numeric n)	numeric	Calculates the square root of n.

Date/time functions and operators

date_trunc

Name	Return type	Description
date_trunc(string precision, timestamp t)	timestamp	Truncates the timestamp to the chosen precision (“second”, “minute”, “hour”, “day”, “week”, “month”, or “year”).

Conditional expressions

coalesce

Name	Return type	Description
coalesce(expr x, y, …)	variable	Returns the first non-null expression.

nullif

Name	Return type	Description
nullif(expr x, expr y)	variable	Returns `NULL` if both arguments are equal. Otherwise, returns x.